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Advair Diskus 250 50 Price

Advair Diskus 250 50 Price

A Brief Overview of the Advair Diskus 250 50 price

Patients with respiratory conditions such as emphysema or asthma may be prescribed Advair Diskus. Although expensive, several pricing options must be considered to achieve a lower Advair 250 50 price.

Before prescribing this medication, a physician's office will contact your insurance company if you are uncertain as to whether your policy can cover part or all of the Advair Diskus 250 50 price. Depending on your policy, the total cost incurred by the Advair 250 50 price may be covered completely or up to a certain point. If you suffer from asthma, keep in mind that this drug is only indicated for short-term use. Therefore, you may be able to determine the final bill for a fixed course of treatment after learning what the Advair Diskus 250 50 price is from a trusted provider.

While patients who live in an area with multiple pharmacies may be quoted more than one Advair 250 50 price, these may not be low enough to fit their budget. Likewise, patients in rural areas  may wish to shop online to locate a pharmacy which lists its Advair Diskus 250 50 price. Buying medication online is not a process to be undertaken casually. Consult with your physician to see if they are aware of any reputable online pharmacy which may list a suitable Advair 250 50 price.

No matter how low the listed Advair Diskus 250 50 price, do not purchase medication from any online pharmacy which does not require a prescription to make a sale. Websites which offer Advair 250 50 price without a prescription are not operating in accordance with the law. Because they have already demonstrated a willingness to break the law, they cannot be trusted with your credit card information.

To help decrease the Advair Diskus 250 50 price, the manufacturer is currently offering a coupon which removes $10 from every monthly purchase. This coupon to lower the Advair 250 50 price must be printed out and presented along with a prescription at a pharmacy. Additionally, at this time the manufacturer is currently offering a free 30-day trial dose to patients with a prescription. Such offers of assistance in lowering the Advair Diskus 250 50 price are constantly changing and contain many restrictions. You should also ask your doctor if they have any coupons which can lower the Advair 250 50 price.

You should be confident that you are receiving what you paid for regardless of the Advair Diskus 250 50 price. If medication you purchase turns out to be incorrectly dosed or otherwise defective, a pharmacy may be liable for damages if adverse effects ensue. Maintain receipts of any purchase recording the Advair 250 50 price paid. These will be necessary for a lawyer to determine how much compensation you should seek if litigation is likely to result in success.

 

Mushroom

Mushroom

What Makes a Mushroom Illegal?
There are many different plants and mushrooms that contain hallucinogenic compounds that have been used for centuries, mostly during religious rituals. In hallucinogenic mushrooms (sometimes called magic mushrooms or shrooms), a compound called psilocybin, or 4-phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, is responsible for these effects. These mushrooms are often found in sub-tropical regions of Mexico, South America, and the United States.
Mushrooms with psilocybin cannot be inactivated by cooking or freezing and when ingested, the activated form of psilocybin, psilocin, can appear in the body within 20 minutes cause hallucinations that last for around six hours.
The hallucinations caused by mushrooms can be described as strong distortions of the perception of reality, for example hearing, seeing, and feeling things that are not there. It can also cause strong emotional swings. These effects are caused by psilocybin’s ability to disrupt the proper function of serotonin, a neurotransmitter, and its interaction with nerve cells in the central nervous system.
Aside from hallucinations, psilocybin can also cause lack of muscle tone or muscle weakness, ataxia, nausea, pupil dilation, drowsiness, and vomiting. These side effects are particularly visible when taking psilocybin as a pure dose between 10 to 20 mg.
While a pure dose of psilocybin has relatively predictable results, mushrooms are most commonly consumed by preparing hem either dried or brewed. Doing so makes the effects of the chemicals much less predictable. In this situation, the age of the mushroom as well as how well it is preserved acts as a determinant for the effects.
According to the United Nations 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances, psilocybin is listed as a Schedule I drug but is not covered by any of the UN drug treaties.
In the United States, possession of these hallucinogenic mushrooms is illegal. Under the Controlled Substance Act, psilocybin is considered a Schedule I substance, alongside other drugs such as LSD and heroin. These mushrooms have very little if not a complete lack of legitimate medical purpose yet a high potential for abuse.
Unlike the mushroom, the spores do no contain any psilocybin and are this legal in the majority of States, with the exception of Georgia, California, and Idaho. However, these spores cannot sold if used for the purpose of cultivating hallucinogenic mushrooms. California further bans selling, trading, importing, buying, or giving away the spores.
All states except New Mexico consider growing psilocybin containing mushrooms to be illegal. While New appeals court ruled that growing psilocybin containing mushrooms for personal use could no be classified as manufacturing a controlled substance, federal law still makes it illegal.

HPV Vaccine may Help Women Infected with HIV

HPV Vaccine may Help Women Infected with HIV


On November 8, 2012, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) announced that HIV-infected women may benefit from the vaccine for human papillomavirus (HPV)—even if they were already exposed to HPV.  


The NIH reports that HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection throughout the world.  The virus can infect the genitals, mouth, and throat of males and females, and the virus is a leading cause of cervix cancer.  Because women with HIV are more likely to develop conditions associated with the HPV virus, they vaccine may help prevent types of cancer and other conditions.  


Jessica Kahn, M.D., with the Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine stated: “Health care providers may hesitate to recommend HPV vaccines after a girl starts having sex.  However, our results show that for a significant number of young women, HPV vaccine can still offer benefits.  This is especially important in light of their HIV status, which can make them even more vulnerable to HPV’s effects.”


The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention state that any girl from 11 to 26 should have the HPV vaccination.  HPV-16 and HPV-18 are responsible for 70 percent of all cervical cancers, and HPV-6 and HPV-11 are responsible for 90 percent of genital warts.  


During medical studies, researchers drew blood and tissue samples from 99 women between the age of 16 and 23 who were HIV-positive.  75 percent of the women were also infected with HPV, and 54 percent tested positive for a type of high-risk virus.  Only 25 percent of the women were infected with HPV-18 and did not show evidence of a previous exposure.  


Dr. Kahn continued on to note, “Even among women who test positive for one type of HPV, the vaccine may effectively prevent infection with others—especially high-risk forms that cause cancer.  It’s important that doctors don’t withhold the vaccine in these cases, thinking that it’s too late for a vaccine to be effective.”


Source: National Institutes of Health

Take Steps to Avoid Pet Medication Errors

Take Steps to Avoid Pet Medication Errors


Let’s admit it.  Dogs and cats can eat some gut-wrenchingly disgusting items and act like nothing ever happened.  However, pets can face serious complications if their owners provide the wrong medication.  The Food and Drug Administration is asking pet owners to take steps to protect their animals.  


Linda Kim-Jung, PharmD with the CVM’s Division of Veterinary Product Safety states, “Unclear medical abbreviations are a common cause of medication errors we find.”  Many veterinary students are taught to use abbreviations, and a non-standard abbreviation and poor penmanship can cause prescription errors for your pet.  


Another common type of error is a transcription error.  Kim-Jung explains a common transcription error: “So, a 5 mg dose written with the trailing zero as 5.0 mg can be misread as 50 mg, or a 0.5 mg dose written without the leading zero as .5 mg can easily be mistaken for 5 mg, potentially resulting in a 10 times overdose if the order is not clearly written.”


A pet owner can easily administer the wrong medication as well.  Pets may have to take different medications at different times of the day, and the wrong medication can potentially lead to an overdose.  


In order to prevent medication errors, pet owners should take the following steps:


•    keep a list of all drugs and supplements your animal is taking, even over-the-counter drugs
•    talk with your vet about any adverse reactions you pet had to a medication
•    keep pet medications and human medications in different areas
•    do not share a pet’s medication without another animal before talking with your vet
•    do not give any human medications to your pet without talking with your vet


Pet owners should also talk with a vet about side effects of certain pet medications.  Knowing the signs of an adverse reaction to medication can save time and save your pets life in some cases.  


Source: U.S. Food and Drug Administration

Voluntary Recall of All Ameridose Drug Products

Voluntary Recall of All Ameridose Drug Products


The Food and Drug Administration has recently announced that Ameridose, LLC, has voluntarily recalled all of its products that are currently in circulation.  All of the recalled products are magnesium sulfate products.  


The FDA is currently inspecting Ameridose’s main facility in Westborough, Massachusetts.  During the preliminary inspections, the FDA became concerned because there was a lack of sterility as the products were being produced and distributed.  The majority of the recalled products were injectable medications, and the FDA states that unsterile injectables can pose a serious health hazard to patients and even lead to life-threatening injuries.  


No infections have been reported in association with Ameridose products, but the FDA recommended the recall as a precautionary step.  The FDA reports that health care professionals do not need to examine patients who received an Ameridose product at this time.  Health care professionals should stop using unexpired products immediately and return the products to Ameridose.  


The FDA warns that some of the products were on the critical shortage list.  Thus, the voluntary recall will impact the shortage even more.  Commissioner Margaret A. Hamburg, M.D., states, “The agency is taking all steps within its authority to help prevent or alleviate shortage situations and to minimize the impact this recall may have on drug supplies.”  


The inspection of Ameridose products was an extension of an investigation into the fungal meningitis outbreak.  The FDA reports that Ameridose shares management with the New England Compounding Center (NECC)—a firm that was tied to the outbreak of fungal meningitis.  


Health care professionals and patients can call the FDA’s Drug Information Line at 855-543-DRUG to get updated information on the recall and speak to a pharmacist.  Information about the recall and a list of all recalled products is listed on Ameridose’s website.  


Source: U.S. Food and Drug Administration

Mescaline

Mescaline

 

What is Mescaline?

Mescaline is a psychedelic alkaloid that occurs naturally in the peyote cactus (Lophophora williamsii) and several other cactuses.  The chemical name for the drug is Mescaline hydrochloride or 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylaminehydrochloride.  The drug and peyote are illegal in the United States, and the drug is illegal in Canada. 

 

Native American tribes have used peyote for thousands of years during ceremonies and rituals.  Most of the Native American tribes are located in the southwestern United States and Mexico.  The drug has strong and intense hallucinogenic effects that can last for many hours. 

 

Overview of the Drug

Mescaline is produced naturally in Peyote, which is a small and spineless cactus.  The chemical is produced in the top of the cactus, called the “crown.”  The crowns are disc-like shapes and are cut off and eaten.  The drug is uncommon on the streets, and the majority of the drug is found on Native American reservations.  The drug is known as Buttons, Cactus, Mesc, and Peyoto on the streets. 

 

Method of Introduction

The drug can enter the body a couple of different ways.  The fresh or dried buttons of the cactus are usually chewed or soaked in water.  The cactus can also be ground down into a powder.  This powder can be placed in capsules or smoked in a leaf of cannabis or tobacco. 

 

A normal dosage of the drug is usually between 200 and 300 milligrams.  About 6 to 12 buttons are capable of producing the normal dosages, but consant users will need a higher dose because the body builds up a tolerance to the drug. 

 

Affects on the Mind

Mescaline is one of the strongest hallucinogenic substances.  It has affects that are similar to LSD, PCP, and psilocybin, and in some cases, the drug can produce more powerful hallucinations that the other two drugs.  Experiences with the drug differ from person to person, but common affects include powerful illusions and hallucinations along with an altered perception of time and space.  The drug can produce an altered body image or “out of body” experiences.  Feelings of euphoria and anxiety are common with this drug as well. 

 

Affect on the Body

Peyote and mescaline can cause serious side effects once they are ingested.  Common side effects include vomiting, serious nausea, a fast heart rate, increased blood pressure, a large amount of perspiration, a rise in body temperature, dilation of the pupils, muscle weakness, and headaches. 

 

Laws for Mescaline in the United States

Peyote and the drug are Schedule I substances in the United States under the Controlled Substances Act.  The drug is a Schedule I drug because it has a high risk of abuse, has not medical use in the United States, and is unsafe under medical supervision. 

 

Medical studies have examined the usefulness of peyote in the past, but not recent medical tests have examined the drug.  Other hallucinogenic drugs have been used in recent medical tests to treat depression, post traumatic stress disorder, and similar mental illnesses. 

 

Sources: https://www.justice.gov/dea/druginfo/drug_data_sheets/Peyote_Mescaline.pdf

Papaver Somniferum

Papaver Somniferum

 


What is Papaver somniferum?

 

Papaver somniferum is the scientific name for the poppy plant, which produces opium.  According to the Department of Justice, the plant was grown as early as 5,000 B.C. in the Mediterranean region.  There are several ways opium is derived from the poppy plant. 

 

One way to create opium is to gather the milky fluid that comes out of the seed pod and their air-dry the substance.  Pharmaceutical manufacturing extracts the alkaloids from a mature dried plant called a poppy straw. 

 

It is illegal to grow Papaver somniferum in the United States, and all pharmaceutical products are imported to United States from regulated areas abroad. 

 

Drug Facts from the Department of Justice

 

Opium is a Schedule II drug under the Controlled Substances Act.  Drugs with similar affects to opium include morphine, codeine, heroin, methadone, hydroquinone, fentanyl, and oxycodone.  These drugs produce similar effects because they are in the opiate family. 

 

Opium itself is found in a liquid form, solid form, or power form, but most illegal forms of opium come in a fine brown powder.  The drug can be smoked, injected intravenously, or taken as a pill.  According to the Department of Justice, opium is often abused along with other drugs.  A substance called “Black” is a mixture of opium, marijuana, and methamphetamine, while “Buddha” is opium and marijuana combined. 

 

Street names for opium include the following:

Ah-pen-yen, Aunti, Aunti Emma, Big O, Black pill, Chandoo, Chandu, Chinese Molasses, Chinese Tobacco, Dopium, Dover's Powder, Dream Gun, Dream Stick, Dreams, Easing Powder, Fi-do-nie, Gee, God's Medicine, Gondola, Goric, Great Tobacco, Guma, Hop/hops, Joy Plant, Midnight Oil, Mira, O, O.P., Ope, Pen Yan, Pin Gon, Pox, Skee, Toxy, Toys, When-shee, Ze, and Zero. 

 

Affects of the Drug on the Body

 

People used the drug derived from Papaver somniferum because of its euphoric effects on the mind.  The “high” experienced by opium is similar to the effects of heroin.  Depending on the method of administration, there is often an initial feeling of euphoria followed by relaxation and relief from pain. 

The drug is extremely addictive.  Some of the drugs first side effects on the body include constipation.  Additionally, the drug can cause the mouth and mucus membranes in the nose and sinuses to dry out.  Overdoses are common with opium because of its physical and psychological addictiveness.

Opium overdose effects include the following: slow breathing, dizziness, seizures, weakness, unconsciousness, coma, and even death. 

 

Legal Definitions Concerning Papaver somniferum

 

21 U.S.C. §802, also known as the Controlled Substances Act, defines narcotics drugs.  Subdivision (17) states the following: “The term “narcotic drug” means any of the following…(A) Opium, opiates, derivatives of opium and opiates, including their isomers, esters, ethers, salts, and salts of isomers, esters, and ethers, whenever the existence of such isomers, esters, ethers, and salts is possible within the specific chemical designations.  Such term does not include the isoquinoline alkaloids of opium…(B) Poppy straw and concentrate of poppy straw.”

 

Refer to the Controlled Substances Act for more information about opiates.

Sources: https://www.justice.gov/dea/druginfo/drug_data_sheets/Opium.pdf 

Depo-Provera

Depo-Provera

 

What is Depo-Provera?

Depo-Provera is the brand name of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate which is a drug that prevents pregnancy. It is manufactured and distributed by the Pfizer Corporation. It is administered via an injection and protects against pregnancy for three months. It is highly successful at preventing pregnancy and requires less drug interaction than once-daily birth control pills. For this reason, Depo-Provera’s status a as long acting reversible contraceptive is highly desirable for many that cannot maintain a contraceptive regimen such as with birth control pills.

Where can I get a Depo-Provera shot?

Most medical providers and some organizations such as Planned Parenthood have the shots available. It is the responsibility of the patients to regularly schedule the shots and to be aware of the potential risks of using the shot. In addition to the benefits, there are side effects that may prohibit some women from taking this shot.

How does Depo-Provera work?

The Depo-Provera shot works by releasing the hormone progestin into the body which works on the ovaries to prevent them from releasing egg and increasing vaginal mucous to inhibit pregnancy. This is effective for 99 out of 100 women that receive the shot. There are some side effects including irregular menstrual periods, depression, dizziness and acne and most importantly, loss of bone density.

What is the controversy around the use of the Depo-Provera shot?

As Depo-Provera has been found to decrease bone-density women with a history of or risk factors for osteoporosis should not receive this shot as it will exacerbate this condition. All women will need calcium and vitamin D while on this shot. Still, others have made the claim that the bone density loss that accompanies the shot is not articulated properly to women that receive the shot and that the bone density loss is irreversible.

What should I do if I have experienced bone density loss?

Bone density loss can lead to a number of injuries and an increase of potential injuries. If you feel that you were not provided adequate notice of the dangerous of bone loss, you may be able to hold the provider or manufacturing company liable for damages. As in all liability cases, the victim must prove that that injury or harm was on cause on the part of the provider and that the provider was aware of the potential harm but chose not to inform the plaintiff about the danger. Especially in cases with bone loss, the harm is potentially irreversible and imperils their ability to have children or live a healthy life.

Speak with an attorney if you feel you have not been adequately warned or you feel your medical provider is liable for failing to inform you of the potential risks of using this medication.

Fen-Phen

Fen-Phen

What is Fen-Phen?
 
 
Fen-Phen is a drug combination that consists of fenfluramine and pherntermine and was used to treat obesity. It has since been withdrawn from the market. At first, the drug was found to be useful against obesity and hailed as a “diet miracle”, although patients were found to relapse after stopping treatment. Eventually the drug was found largely ineffective at helping weight loss, only improving the mood of the patient and increasing dependency on a mood altering medication.
 
 
How does Fen-Phen work?
 
 
Fenfluramine releases more serotonin into the body, tricking the body into feeling full. The downside is that the increase in serotonin has cause psychotic episodes and other undesirable mental disorders. Adding pherntermine to the fenfluramine was thought to counteract the harmful psychological effects of serotonin imbalance and this drug combination was done “off label” or unapproved by the Food and Drug Administration. Fen-Phen was intended to affect the serotonin receptor that made the patient feel full, but it also stimulated another receptor that led to problems with the heart. This is known as neurotoxcity and was unaccounted for in studies about the affect Fen-Phen has on the body.
 
 
What are the risks associated with taking Fen-Phen?
 
 
There were early indications that fenfluramine caused pulmonary hypertension or the thickening of the lungs that in turn affects proper breathing. Nonetheless, a variation of the drug, brand named Redux was approved and sold to American consumers until the FDA announced its withdrawal in 1997. There were additional concerns about the effect of the drug on heart valves with as many as 66 cases of disease in patients that had been taking fenfluramine and its variants.
 
 
What has been the liability, assessed to date?
 
 
Wyeth pharmaceuticals (now owned by Pfizer), the distributor of fenfluramine and Redux has an estimated liability of 14 billion owed to individuals that have suffered from taking Fen-Phen. There has been dispute as to the amount of individuals affected by cardiac distress by this drug with some estimates ranging as high as thirty percent. Studies have shown that individuals that have taken this drug for more than two years have a 17% increased chance of developing heart valve disease.
 
 
What should I do if I have been negatively impacted by this drug?
 
 
An electrocardiogram from a licensed healthcare provider is essential to failing a claim for your share of the settlement. Disbursement of compensation had slowed after falsified or misleading electrocardiograms were submitted for claims by doctors that were paid by law firms. An attorney can better help you determine if you are eligible for damages due to medical expenses, loss of wages and pain and anguish.