Home Drugs Page 30

Drugs

List of Drugs

List of Drugs

What are Drugs?
A drug, in a broad sense, is any substance that, when ingested or absorbed into the body, alters normal bodily functions. There is no single definition, as there are different meanings, throughout government bodies, various regulations, and the field of medicine, society and drug control law.
In the simplest sense, however, drugs can be classified in two extremely broad categories: illegal drugs, that are taken or distributed for recreational purposes and legal drugs, or medicines that are taken to subdue ailments or medical conditions. The following represents a list of drugs that are commonly taken for recreational purposes and are deemed illegal by the majority of societies throughout the world.
Heroin
Heroin is a byproduct of opium; upon the extraction of morphine – which is inherent to the naturally-occurring Poppy Plant – this substance can be ingested in a variety of methods. Despite the effects of Heroin, which have been classified as a sedating and numbing, Heroin is considered to be one of the most addictive drugs in circulation.


How is Heroin Administered?
Heroine can be smoked or ingested through the nasal cavity; however, a prominent form of Heroin usage involves its injection through the use of intravenous needles – this method of usage has accounted for a multitude of contracted diseases and infections
What are the Dangers of Heroin?
The dangers of Heroin are vast; they can range from psychological devastation to physical damage. Consistent Heroin usage results in an advanced tolerance to the drug on the part of the user, requiring them to gradually increase the amount of the drug needed to achieve the desired results – the has accounted for a multitude of Heroin-related death as a resulting from an overdose of the drug


Methamphetamine
Methamphetamine – also known as ‘Meth’ – is a chemical-based drug that can be created from a variety of toxic chemicals that are considered to be deadly upon human ingestion. Meth has been held responsible for a variety of crimes, changes in behavior, injuries, and deaths resulting from its usage; Meth is considered to be one of the most addictive drugs currently in circulation



What are the Effects of Meth?
Meth users report an initial sense of energy, which can last for undisclosed amounts of time; subsequent to a Meth high, there have been reports of users experiencing insomnia, rage, nausea, harmful behavior, and an inability to controls one’s thoughts or actions

Cocaine
Cocaine is an illegal drug derive from the Coca plant. Cocaine is produced when the leaves of the cocoa plan are dried, pulverized, then reduced to powder form. The effects of cocaine include the following symptoms: increased alertness, increased talkativeness, euphoria agitation, increased energy, and insomnia. Although Cocaine is a byproduct of the Coca Leaf that is abundant in South America, it is typically synthetically altered


Everything’s Over-the-Counter

Everything's Over-the-Counter


Over the Counter Drugs Defined:
Over the counter drugs are medicines that are sold directly to a consumer without the need or inclusion of a prescription from a healthcare professional. Over the counter drugs, therefore, do not require a doctor’s visit to obtain the medicine, as compared to a prescription drug, which may only be sold to the consumer in possession of a valid prescription.
In the majority of countries, such as the United States, over the counter drugs are selected by a regulatory agency to ensure that the substance contains ingredients that are both safe and effective. 
Over the counter drugs are typically regulated by active pharmaceutical ingredients and not final products; the regulatory initiative is vital when classifying a drug as over the counter. By regulating pharmaceutical ingredients, as oppose to specific drug formulations, a governing body can allow manufacturers of over the counter drugs to formulate ingredients or combinations of ingredients to create a proprietary mixture.
The term over the counter may be somewhat confusing, since the majority of over the counter drugs are located on the shelves of retail stores like any other good or packaged product. By contrast, a prescription drug is always passed over the counter from a licensed pharmacist to the consumer in possession of a valid prescription. 
To add to the ambiguity, some drugs may be classified as over the counter, but may only be dispensed by a pharmacy employee after a formal assessment of the patient’s needs and or the provision of patient education have been undertaken.
In the majority of countries, a number of over the counter drugs are available in stores without a pharmacy, such as general stores, gas stations, super markets etc. Regulations regarding the establishments where over the counter drugs may be sold, who is authorized to dispense them and whether a prescription is needed to obtain them will vary from location to location. 




Regulations of Over the Counter Drugs in the United States:
In the United States, the sale and manufacture of over the counter drugs is regulated by the Food and Drug Administration. The FDA, operates in strict accordance with the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, which requires all new drugs to obtain a New Drug Application prior to entering interstate commerce. 
Additionally, the Act also exempts any drugs that are generally recognized as safe and effective from obtaining this form. In order to observe and analyze the vast number of over the counter drugs on the market, prior to the requirement, the FDA created the OTC monograph system to facilitate the review of drugs and to appropriately categorize them.
This system enabled the FDA to create classes for drugs; some classes required the filing of the NDA while others were deemed safe. As a result, the manufacture of over the counter drugs must be done either pursuant to an FDA monograph, which specifies the types of OTC drugs, its active ingredients and labeling requirements, or pursuant to the New Drug Application, for products that do not fit within a specific monograph. 

Five More Sentence in Operation Stateline Sweep

Five More Sentence in Operation Stateline Sweep


Five more defendants were sentenced after Operation Stateline Sweep charged 66 different defendants and handed out more than 190 counts in the indictment.  The sweep targeted drug trafficking activity in Arkansas.  The U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Western District of Arkansas announced the most recent sentencing on November 2, 2012.  


Adrian Wither received 120 months in prison and three years of supervised release.  He pled guilty to selling crack cocaine to undercover agents on March 2, 2012.  


Cordney Morgan was sentenced to 42 months in prison and three years of supervised release after he used a firearm to help in drug trafficking.  A search warrant of Morgan’s residence turned up a semi-automatic pistol, digital scales, and packaged marijuana.  


Fredrick Law received 70 months in prison and four years of supervised release after pleading guilty to distributing 50 grams of methamphetamine.  A search warrant of his home found 58.3 grams of methamphetamine and drug paraphernalia.  


Marcel Johnson received 100 months in prison and three years of supervised release after he sold 12.13 grams of crack cocaine to undercover agents in Ozan, Arkansas.  


Alvin Weekly was sentenced to 140 months in prison and six years of supervised release after he sold crack cocaine within 1,000 feet of a public school.  He sold 11.5 grams of crack cocaine every week during the investigation by the FBI.  


Two more men pleaded guilty to charges around the time the five other defendants were sentenced.  Chadwick Williams pleaded guilty to selling 280 grams of crack cocaine.  A search warrant of his residence found 133.5 grams of cocaine, 27.8654 grams of crack cocaine, manufacturing equipment, and more.  Patrick Cornelius pled guilty to distributing over 28 grams of crack cocaine.  


United State Attorney Conner Eldridge announced, “Large-scale operations like this require persistence, and this office will continue to ensure that each and every defendant involved in the drug trafficking activity in this case is held responsible for his or her actions.”


Source: Federal Bureau of Investigation

Xeljanz Approved for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Xeljanz Approved for Rheumatoid Arthritis


On November 6, 2012 the Food and Drug Administration announced the approval of Xeljanz (tofacitinib) for the treatment of moderate and severe rheumatoid arthritis in adults who did not respond or were intolerant to methotrexate.  


Badrul Chowdhury, M.D., Ph.D., stated, “Xeljanz provides a new treatment option for adults suffering from the debilitating disease of RA who have had a poor response to methotrexate.” Chowdhury is the director of the FDA’s Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Rheumatology Products.  


The FDA reports that rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that causes the immune system to attack otherwise healthy joints and tissues around the joints.  About 1.5 million Americans suffer from the disease.  


The drug was approved before its projected fee goal date of November 21, 2012.  Xeljanz will come in a pill form.  The patient will take the pill twice a day in a hope to block molecules called “Janus kinases” which cause inflammation.  


Side Effects of Xeljanz


During clinical trials, patients taking Xeljanz showed an increased risk of infections and especially opportunistic infections.  These are infections that occur when the immune system is weakened.  The drug can also can an increased chance of tuberculosis, lymphoma, and certain kinds of cancers.  There is an increased chance of high cholesterol and a decrease liver enzymes in blood tests as well.  Check the boxed warning with the drug for more information.  


Because of the long term side effects of Xeljanz, the FDA has announced that it is scheduling a study in the future to look at the effects between different dosages and compare results to patients receiving other kinds of treatment.  


The clinical testing involved a total of seven different clinical trials.  The volunteers all had moderate or severe rheumatoid arthritis, and most saw improvements after taking Xeljanz compared to patients receiving a placebo.  


Source: U.S. Food and Drug Administration
 

Adderall Online

Adderall Online

A Brief Guide to Buying Adderall Online
 
 
When a physician prescribes Adderall to help control your ADHD or narcolepsy, you may attempt to decrease the cost by purchasing it on the internet. As with all aspects of taking this potentially dangerous drug, you should not attempt to buy Adderalls online without the guidance of a physician. Many websites which claim to offer this drug in a safe and legal form are not to be trusted.
 
 
If you are thinking of buying Adderall online, you should ask your physician if they know of any appropriate outlets. Failing that, you may conduct your own web search. However, it is extremely important to be cautious and diligent when searching for Adderalls online. Websites which do not require a prescription in order to make such a search are conducting their business illegally. All websites authorized to sell Adderall online are licensed by the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy. Never purchase medication from websites which are based outside the country, since these are not governed by American law.
 
 
Should you buy Adderalls online from such sites which turns out to be defective or dangerous, you will not have any legal recourse if you did so without a prescription. Doing so is a violation of the law. Not only do you put your health at risk when purchasing Adderall online from dubious sources, there is a possibility that you could be charged with a violation of the law. Attempting to use this drug without a prescription should never be done under any circumstances.
 
 
In addition to the medical risks of purchasing Adderalls online from a website which may not be authorized to do so, there is a financial risk as well. Once provided with your financial information, such websites may engage in fraud, such as using your card to perform unauthorized purchases. When taken advantage of when buying Adderall online from an illegal source, you will be unlikely to be able to press charges.
 
 
Whether you are buying Adderalls online in its trademarked form or in a generic form, your usage should be carefully observed. Report any side effects to a physician. Since a prescription to purchase Adderall online cannot be automatically refilled, regular consultations should be scheduled for this purpose. This will also give a physician a chance to question you about adverse side effects and adjust your dosage as necessary.
 
 
Buying Adderalls online from a legitimate source will not significantly affect your legal options. Negative side effects leave the manufacturer of both licensed and generic forms open to potential litigation. When purchasing Adderall online, you are entrusting your health to your physician and the manufacturer. Negative consequences from buying Adderalls online will accordingly be the responsibility of the drug's parent company.
 
 
If you experience strokes, heart attacks or other debilitating consequences, consult a physician as possible. Consequences by the purchase of Adderall online should be dealt with before considering litigation. Once these have been deal with, you will be ready to speak with a lawyer about lawsuits stemming from the purchase of legitimate Adderalls online.
 
 

Chantilly Pain Clinic Owner Receives 180 Months

Chantilly Pain Clinic Owner Receives 180 Months


On November 9, 2012, the US Attorney’s Office for the Eastern District of Virginia announced that Paul Boccone was sentenced to 180 months in prison and three years of supervised release after he illegally gave thousands of customers oxycodone prescriptions and other prescriptions as well.  The lead nurse for Chantilly Specialists, Charles Brown, received 60 months in prison and three years of supervised release as well.  


Chantilly Specialists was a pain management clinic located in Chantilly, Virginia, and Boccone was the owner of the facility.  He had no qualifications, training, or medical education, and he hired medical professionals who had no training in pain management as well.  Boccone was charged on August 3, 2013 for four crimes: conspiracy to distribute, distributing oxycodone, health care fraud, and payroll tax evasion.


Sadly, four patients associated with Chantilly Specialists died of overdoses when the clinic was in operation.  The U.S. Attorney’s Office called the clinic a “haven for drug addicts, servicing thousands of customers traveling hundreds of miles.”  After one of the patients died from an overdose, Buccone told Brown to alter the patient’s file to cover up the death.  


According to evidence presented at the trial, Brown prescribed over 800,000 oxycodone pills to more than 600 customers throughout the clinic’s operation.  In one case, 14,400 oxycodone pills were provided to one addict alone.  


The FBI Washington Field Office, the IRS’s Criminal Investigations Division, and the Department of Health and Human Services’ Office of the Inspector General were in charge of the investigation.  The Fairfax County Police Department assisted in the investigation as well.  


Assistant United States Attorney Michael P. Ben’Ary and Special Assistant United States Attorney and Virginia Attorney General Marc J. Birnbaum were in charge of the investigation.  The two defendants named in this article were the only people charged during the investigation.  


Source: Federal Bureau of Investigation
 

Guide to Illegal Drugs

Guide to Illegal Drugs


What are Illegal Drugs?
Illegal drugs refer to classifications of chemicals that an individual, by law, is not allowed to possess, use or distribute. Illegal drugs are often addictive and deadly in nature; illegal drugs are often damaging to an individual’s mental state and physical healthy. 
The classification of which drugs are considered legal or illegal will vary from country to country. Furthermore, the punishments tied-into possession, use and the intent to distribute such drugs will also vary based on location. For instance, being found with a certain illegal drug may be legal (subject to fine) in one location, but it may carry grave felonious charges in another. 
Legal Drugs versus Illegal Drugs:
Legal drugs are drugs that an individual is allowed, by law, to possess and use. This classification of course depends on the jurisdiction in which the individual is located in. If an individual purchases legal or over the counter drugs, they will not be punished by a governing body or law enforcement agency. 
Additionally, an illegal drug can carry legal use, typically for a medicinal application. Heroin or Morphine for example, is an effective painkiller, but in a generic setting, these drugs are deemed illegal and highly dangerous. 
By contrast, illegal drugs are drugs that a person is not allowed to possess, use or distribute. If an individual is caught with illegal drugs they will be punished according to the applicable drug laws of the respective location. In some instances the individual in possession will be fined, but for more serious illegal drugs, the individual will have to go to court for a pending jail sentence. 


Examples of Illegal Drugs: 
Heroin: This illegal drug is considered one of the most deadly and addictive chemical substances throughout the world. Heroin is a semi-synthetic opioid that gives it’s user an intense high. In addition to its illegal use, heroin may be used as an analgesic. 
Cocaine: This illegal drug is extracted from the cocoa plant. Cocaine is a stimulant extract of naturally-occurring substances.
Crack: A free base form of cocaine that can be smoked. Crack is a common street drug as a result of its cheap cost.
Crystal Meth: A methamphetamine and stimulant related to various amphetamines. Crystal Meth can be used in a legal fashion, particularly for the treatment of Narcolepsy.
Marijuana: This illegal drug comes from the leaves and flowers of the cannabis plant, which may be obtained legally as a prescription in 12 states, including California, Arizona and Montana.
Ecstasy: Or MDMA, is a psychoactive drug in the amphetamine class. Ecstasy may cause feelings of euphoria, empathy and may lessen anxiety. This illegal drug also has horrible side effects, that are perpetuated with higher doses and regular use; the side effects include insomnia, constant jaw clenching and severe depression. 

Buy Adderall

Buy Adderall

How to buy Adderall
 
 
When you are assigned a course of Adderall treatment for ADHD or narcolepsy, the price of this prescription medication may be a matter for concern. The primary factor concerning the Adderall price will be your insurance policy. The size of your co-pay, as well as the limits of your coverage, will determine how much you will have to directly spend to buy Adderall.
 
 
In some cases, you may feel that you are unfairly being denied coverage by your insurance company. If you are denied coverage because the Adderall price is too high, you may wish to have a lawyer review your policy. The language involved in these contracts is very complicated and difficult for laymen to master. Such bad faith denials from a company that make it more expensive for you to buy Adderall may be grounds for litigation.
 
 
To minimize the Adderall price, a physician may sometimes recommend that you attempt a generic alternative. These come in many different forms and costs will vary accordingly. In order to buy Adderall in generic form, it is a good idea to consult with your physician. Enquire if they know of any pharmacies in the area which provide this kind of medication. The Adderall price will vary considerably based on which facility you purchase it from.
 
 
In order to lessen the expense to buy Adderall even further, you may attempt to purchase it from an online provider. However, you must be alert and cautious when doing so. If you find a low Adderall price listed on a website which is not based in the United States, do not purchase from them. Such agencies may not be regulated at all and cannot be trusted to provide safe medication. Do not buy Adderall from any website which does not require a prescription. Not only is this illegal, you will have no idea whether what you receive is effective or safe.
 
 
No matter how low the Adderall price, never purchase this drug from any source other than a licensed pharmacy. Doing so is both dangerous and illegal. If you buy Adderall for the purposes of abusing it for recreational or weight loss purposes, you are also opening yourself up to the possibility of criminal charges. Furthermore, if severe medical consequences ensue, you will have no option to sue for damages. Whatever the Adderall price, purchasing it from an unauthorized dealer will create more problems than it is worth.
 
 
Wherever you buy Adderall from, if the purchase is legal in every respect you are legally protected if negative side effects ensue. The Adderall price for legal drugs is irrelevant. You will be entitled to bring forth litigation against the drug's manufacturer in either its trademarked or generic form. Once you have taken care of your health, consult a lawyer if you wish to examine your legal options. Be sure that you maintain all records concerning the purchase of this drug, as well as your physician's reports concerning side effects.
 
 

Guide to Legal Drugs

Guide to Legal Drugs


What is a Legal Drug?
A legal drug or intoxicants are drugs which are not prohibited by the United Nations Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs. This classification therefore enables legal drugs to be sold over the counter in various retail stores or food-suppliers throughout the world and the United States.
Individuals will consume legal drugs for a plethora of reasons; a legal drug may be used for a medicinal purpose or may be purchased as an intoxicating agent. The most commonly used intoxicant, throughout the world, is alcohol; however, many other legal drugs are used for intoxicating purposes, including various native plants and tobacco. 
Similar to illicit substances, the field of legal drugs is divided into categories depending on what the makeup of the drug and what kind of affect the drug has on its user. 
Types of Legal Drugs:
Stimulants: These legal drugs give an individual a boost of energy. Forms of legal drugs that are classified as stimulants include: Caffeine, which is a mild stimulant used most commonly in soft drinks coffee and tea, as well as Nicotine, which is a psychoactive drug commonly found in all tobacco products. Other forms of legal stimulants include Ephedrine and Mephedrone. 
Hallucinogens/Psychoactive Legal Drugs: Salvia is a legal drug classified as a hallucinogen. Salvia is a psychoactive plant which can induce various dissociative effects and hallucinations which may last from a few seconds to several minutes. Salvia is similar to marijuana, however, the high is much shorter and more intense. It is commonly reported that salvia possesses a threshold dose, so larger or potent doses may be required to spark a high.
The Hawaiian baby woodrose is another form of hallucinogen that is currently not deemed illegal based on the United Nations Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs. The Hawaiian Baby Woodrose is a perennial climbing vine, whose seeds contain the alkaloid LSA, which is a chemical analog of LSD. 
Nutmeg is also classified as a legal drug according to the United Nations. Nutmeg is commonly used in cooking, however, when raw, the seed contains elemicin and myristicin which are both considered potent psychoactive chemicals. 
Depressants: Alcohol is classified as a legal depressant; such beverages contain the psychoactive drug, ethanol, which imposes a depressant effect on the user. Alcohol is deemed as a legal drug throughout the majority world (except some Muslim countries) although the use and possession of the legal drug is restricted. 

Guide to the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)

Guide to the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)


What is the Drug Enforcement Administration?
The Drug Enforcement Administration is a federal law enforcement agency within the United States Department of Justice. The Drug Enforcement Administration, better known as the DEA, is tasked with combating drug smuggling and use within the borders of the United States of America. 
Not only is the Drug Enforcement Administration regarded as the leading agency for domestic enforcement of the Controlled Substances Act, but it also maintains the sole responsibility for coordinating and subsequently pursuing U.S. investigations overseas. 
The Drug Enforcement Administration was officially formed on July 1 of 1973. The administration was established by the passing of the Reorganization Plan; a full-fledged effort to organize the federal agencies responsible for diminishing the adverse effects of drugs on American Society. 
The legislation, which ultimately created the Drug Enforcement Administration, was signed by President Richard Nixon and proposed the creation of a single federal agency to enforce the federal drug laws and consolidate, as well as coordinate, the government’s expansive drug control policies.
The preceding agencies of the DEA were the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs and the Office of Drug Abuse Law Enforcement. The Drug Enforcement Administration, to mitigate the dangers associated with drug use and to lessen the supply of deadly drugs in the United States, employees nearly 11,000 agents and operates with an annual budget of approximately $2.5 billion. 
In 2005, the Drug Enforcement Administration was successful in seizing over $1.4 billion in drug trade related assets and over $475 million worth of drugs. That being said, according to the White House’s Office of Drug Control Policy, the total value of all drugs sold in the United States is thought to exceed $65 billion per year—making the DEA’s efforts to intercept and thwart the flow of drugs into the country less than 1% effective. 


How is the Drug Enforcement Administration Organized?
The Drug Enforcement Administration is headed by an Administrator who is formally appointed by the President of the United States and confirmed by the U.S. Senate. 
The administrator is required to report to the Attorney General through the Deputy Attorney General. The individual is assisted by a Deputy Administrator, as well as the Chief of Operations, the Chief Inspector and three Assistant Administrators. 
The headquarters of the Drug Enforcement administration are located in Arlington, Virginia, directly across from the Pentagon. The administration maintains its own training academy located on the United States Marine Corps base at Quantico, Virginia. In total, the Drug Enforcement Administration maintains 21 domestic field divisions with 227 field offices as well as 86 international offices located in 62 countries.